短波紫外线灯用于新冠肺炎病毒的消杀

国际紫外线协会（IUVA）关于短波紫外线灯用于 新冠肺炎病毒（COVID-19 ）消杀的情况说明

UVA Fact Sheet on COVID-19

国际紫外线协会 (IUVA) 认为，根据当前的xiaodu数据和经验证据，紫外线xiaodu技术可以在多重屏障方法中发挥作用，以减少导致 COVID-19、SARS CoV-2 的病毒传播。紫外线是一种已知的空气、水和表面xiaodu工具，如果正确使用，可以帮助降低因接触 COVID 19 病毒而感染的风险。 “IUVA 召集了来自世界各地的领先专家，制定有效使用紫外线技术的指南，作为一种xiaodu措施，以帮助减少 COVID-19 病毒的传播。IUVA 成立于 1999 年，是一家致力于紫外线技术的进步，以帮助解决公共卫生和环境问题，”多伦多大学教授兼 IUVA 主席 Ron Hofmann 博士说。

The International Ultraviolet Association (IUVA) believes that UV disinfection technologies can play a role in a multiple barrier approach to reducing the transmission of the virus causing COVID-19, SARSCoV-2, based on current disinfection data and empirical evidence. UV is a known disinfectant for air, water and surfaces that can help to mitigate the risk of acquiring an infection in contact with the COVID19 virus when applied correctly. "The IUVA has assembled leading experts from around the world to develop guidance on the effective use of UV technology, as a disinfection measure, to help reduce the transmission of COVID-19 virus. Established in 1999, the IUVA is a nonprofit dedicated to the advancement of ultraviolet technologies to help address public health and environmental concerns," says Dr. Ron Hofmann, Professor at the University of Toronto, and President of the IUVA.

必须注意的是，这里和科学、医学和技术文献中使用的“UVC”、“UV xiaodu”和“UV”，具体且重要的是指杀菌范围内的 UVC 光能（200-280nm 光），即与晒黑床或阳光照射中使用的 UVA 和 UVB 不同。It must be noted that “UVC”, “UV disinfection” and “UV” as used here and in the scientific, medical and technical literature, specifically and importantly refers to UVC light energy (200-280nm light) in the germicidal range which is not the same as the UVA and UVB used in tanning beds or sunlight exposure.

Facts on UV and COVID-19，关于紫外线和 COVID-19 的事实，

UVC 能否通过减少污染来帮助预防 COVID-19 传播？

Can UVC help prevent COVID-19 transmission by reducing contamination?

根据现有证据，我们认为是这样。 原因如下：

40 多年来，UVC 紫外线灯已广泛用于对饮用水、废水、空气、药品和表面进行xiaodu以对抗一整套人类病原体（Fluence UV 剂量要求审查 IUVA：https://www.iuvanews.com /stories/pdf/archives/180301_UVSensitivityReview_full.pdf）。 迄今为止测试过的所有细菌和病毒（多年来有数百种，包括其他冠状病毒）都对紫外线xiaodu有反应。 一些生物体比其他生物体更容易受到 UVC xiaodu的影响，但到目前为止，所有经过测试的生物体都在适当的剂量下做出反应。

Based on existing evidence, we believe so. Here’s why:

UVC light has been used extensively for more than 40 years in disinfecting drinking water, waste water, air, pharmaceutical products, and surfaces against a whole suite of human pathogens (Fluence UV Dose Required review IUVA: https://www.iuvanews.com/stories/pdf/archives/180301_UVSensitivityReview_full.pdf). All bacteria and viruses tested to date (many hundreds over the years, including other coronaviruses) respond to UV disinfection. Some organisms are more susceptible to UVC disinfection than others, but all tested so far do respond at the appropriate doses.

• UVC xiaodu通常与其他技术一起以多屏障方法使用，以确保任何未被一种方法（例如过滤或清洁）“杀死”的病原体被另一种方法（UVC）灭活。 通过这种方式，现在可以在临床或其他环境中安装 UVC，以增强现有流程或支持现有协议，因为大流行导致这些流程因过度需求而耗尽。

• UVC disinfection is often used with other technologies in a multibarrier approach to ensure that whatever pathogen is not “killed” by one method (say filtering or cleaning) is inactivated by another (UVC). In this way UVC could be installed now in clinical or other settings to augment existing processes or to shore up existing protocols where these are exhausted by excessive demands due to the pandemic.

• 紫外线，特别是在 200-280nm（UVC 或杀菌范围）之间的紫外线，可灭活（也称为“杀死”）至少两种与 COVID-19 病毒近亲的冠状病毒：1) SARS-CoV 1 和 2) MERS-CoV。 一个重要的警告是，这种失活已在实验室的受控条件下得到证实。 紫外线在实践中的有效性取决于诸如暴露时间和紫外线到达水中、空气中以及材料和表面的褶皱和缝隙中的病毒的能力等因素。

• UV light, specifically between 200-280nm(UVC or the germicidal range), inactivates (aka, ‘kills’) at least two other coronaviruses that are near-relatives of the COVID-19 virus: 1) SARS-CoV1 and 2) MERS-CoV[iii] [iv] [v]. An important caveat is this inactivation has been demonstrated under controlled conditions in the laboratory. The effectiveness of UV light in practice depends on factors such the exposure time and the ability of the UV light to reach the viruses in water, air, and in the folds and crevices of materials and surfaces.

• COVID-19 感染可能由接触受污染的表面然后接触面部区域引起（不如人与人之间的常见，但仍然是一个问题）。 将这种风险降至zui低是关键，因为 COVID-19 病毒可以在塑料和钢表面上存活长达 3 天。 正常的清洁和xiaodu可能会留下一些残留污染物，(短波紫外线灯UVC 可以处理这些残留污染物，这表明使用多种xiaodu剂的方法是谨慎的。 UVC 已被证明可以对 COVID-19 病毒的近亲病毒（即 SARS-CoV-1，在悬浮于液体中时用足够剂量的 254nm UV 进行测试）实现高水平的灭活。 IUVA 认为，在治疗 COVID-19 病毒 SARS-CoV-2 时，可以预期类似的结果。 然而，关键是以这样一种方式应用 UVC，它可以有效地接触那些表面上的任何残留病毒。

• COVID-19 infections can be caused by contact with contaminated surfaces and then touching facial areas (less common than person-to-person, but still an issue)[vi]. Minimizing this risk is key because COVID-19 virus can live on plastic and steel surfaces for up to 3 days[vii]. Normal cleaning and disinfection may leave behind some residual contamination, which UVC can treat suggesting that a multiple disinfectant approach is prudent. UVC has been shown to achieve a high level of inactivation of a near-relative of COVID-19’s virus (i.e., SARS-CoV-1, tested with adequate dose of 254nm UV while suspended in liquid)[viii]. IUVA believes similar results can be expected when treating COVID-19’s virus, SARS-CoV-2. However, the key is applying UVC in such a way that it can effectively reach any remaining viruses on those surfaces.

• IUVA 还同意 CDC 对医院的指导意见，即 UVC 的杀菌效果受悬浮液、微生物所在表面或气溶胶的 UVC 吸收特性的影响。 根据微生物的类型或作用谱； 以及影响传递给微生物的紫外线剂量的各种设计和操作因素（https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/disinfection/）。

• IUVA also concurs with CDC guidance to hospitals that the germicidal effectiveness of UVC is influenced by the UVC absorbing properties of the suspension, the surface or aerosol that the organism is in; by the type or action spectra of the microorganism; and by a variety of design and operating factors that impact the delivered UV dose to the microorganism (https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/disinfection/ ).

• IUVA 认识到，在 (UVC短波紫外线灯紫外线光无法到达特定病原体的情况下，该病原体不会被xiaodu。 然而，总的来说，减少病原体的总数会降低传播的风险。 通过将紫外线应用于许多容易暴露的表面，作为清洁的第二道屏障，尤其是在匆忙的条件下，可以显着减少总的病原体负荷。 这将是一个相对直接的问题，即用 UVC 光照亮相关表面，例如房间周围/内部的空气和表面以及个人防护设备。

• IUVA recognizes that in the cases where the UVC light cannot reach a particular pathogen, that pathogen will not be disinfected. However in general, reducing the total number of pathogens reduces the risk of transmission. The total pathogenic load can be reduced substantially by applying UV to the many surfaces that are readily exposed, as a secondary barrier to cleaning, especially in hurried conditions. This would be a relatively straight-forward matter of illuminating the relevant surfaces with UVC light, for example the air and surfaces around/in rooms and personal protective equipment.

UVCxiaodu设备安全吗？Are UVC disinfection devices safe?

像任何xiaodu系统一样，UVC 设备(短波紫外线灯必须正确使用才能安全。）它们都会产生不同剂量的 UVC 光，波长为 200nm-280nm。 这种 UVC 光比普通阳光“强”得多，可能会对您的皮肤造成严重的类似晒伤的反应，同样，如果暴露在外，可能会损害您眼睛的视网膜。 一些(短波紫外线灯也会在其循环过程中产生臭氧，其他设备会像弧焊机一样产生光和热，其他设备会在其循环过程中移动。 因此，所有xiaodu设备都需要考虑一般的人机安全，这些考虑应在操作手册、用户培训和适当的安全合规性中得到解决。

Like any disinfection system, UVC devices must be used properly to be safe.) They all produce varying amounts of UVC light in wavelengths of 200nm-280nm. This UVC light is much “stronger” than normal sunlight, and can cause a severe sunburn-like reaction to your skin, and similarly, could damage the retina of your eye, if exposed. Some devices also produce ozone as part of their cycle, others produce light and heat like an arc welder, others move during their cycles. Hence, general machine-human safety needs to be considered with all disinfection devices, and these considerations should be addressed in the operations manual, in the user training, and appropriate safety compliance.

是否有紫外线xiaodu设备的性能标准和 UVC 验证协议？Are there performance standards and UVC validation protocols for UV disinfection devices?

鉴于市场上销售的用于空气、水和固体表面xiaodu的 UVC 设备种类繁多，缺乏统一的性能标准，以及在不同设备上进行的研究、开发和验证测试的程度差异很大，IUVA 敦促消费者谨慎行事在选择设备时，寻找第三方测试的证据，以及由知名组织（如 NSF、UL、CSA、DVGW-OVGW 或其他适用的国际要求）对设备材料和电气元件的认证。对于设计用于灭活的 UVC 设备在医疗保健行业的空气和固体表面，IUVA 的成员正在与照明和医疗保健行业的其他标准组织密切合作，制定xiaodu测试标准[x]。目标是制定指南，帮助世界各地的医疗保健提供者为其机构选择zui佳技术，以用于对抗多种耐药生物和其他病原体，如 COVID-19 病毒。

Given the wide array of UVC devices marketed for disinfection of air, water and solid surfaces, the lack of uniform performance standards and the highly variable degree of research, development and validation testing that is performed on different devices, the IUVA urges consumers to exercise caution when selecting equipment and look for evidence of third party testing as well as certification of device materials and electrical components by well-known organizations such as NSF, UL, CSA, DVGW-OVGW or other international requirements as applicable.For UVC devices designed to inactivate air and solid surfaces in the healthcare industry, members of IUVA are working diligently with other national standards organizations in the lighting and healthcare industry to develop disinfection testing standards[x]. The goal is to develop guidance that will help healthcare providers world-wide choose the best possible technologies for their institutions to use in the fight against multiple drug resistant organisms and other pathogens, like the COVID-19 virus.

以上文章转自国际紫外线协会，中文翻译能力有限，仅供参考，务必以英文内容为准。

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